🇺🇸 FDA
GRAS · DSHEA dietary supplement · structure/function claims permitted
Vitamin E · Tocopherols (α-Tocopherol family)
Also known as: Alpha-tocopherol · d-α-tocopherol · Mixed tocopherols · Vitamin E
Mechanism of action
- Lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in cell membranes
- Quenches peroxyl radicals in lipoprotein membranes
- Modulates NF-κB and PKC signalling in macrophages
Molecular + tissue targets
- Cell membrane lipid layer
- Oxidative stress markers
- Macular antioxidant network
Dosage range
15 mg α-tocopherol equivalents per day RDA (adults); AREDS2-style trials use 400 IU (≈ 268 mg) within the multi-ingredient formula; Cochrane SR (Evans 2017 PMID 28756618) of 19 trials reported antioxidant vitamins associated with reduced progression to late AMD (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.90, moderate-certainty)
Safety notes
High-dose α-tocopherol (≥ 400 IU/day) has been associated with all-cause mortality signal in some meta-analyses (Miller 2005) — long-term supraphysiologic dosing is not recommended without clinician oversight; vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) interaction at high doses
Cross-market regulatory status
🇪🇺 EFSA
Authorized health claim Reg 432/2012 oxidative-stress protection (vitamin E source threshold required); NRV 12 mg
🇧🇷 ANVISA
RDC 243/2018 dietary supplement · IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional verbatim: "A vitamina E auxilia na proteção dos danos causados pelos radicais livres."
Authorized claims · verbatim (2)
Direct quotes from each jurisdiction's framework · never paraphrased · with framework reference and conditions of use.
🇪🇺 EFSA · 1 claim
Reg 432/2012
Vitamin E contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.
Conditions: Reg 1924/2006 art 10(2) + Annex: claim may only be used for food which is at least a "source of vitamin E" as referred to in the Annex to Reg 1924/2006
Authorized 2012
🇧🇷 ANVISA · 1 claim
IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional
A vitamina E é um antioxidante que auxilia na proteção dos danos causados pelos radicais livres.
Conditions: IN 28/2018 Anexo V: alegação restrita a suplementos cujo aporte diário do nutriente atenda à quantidade mínima do Anexo II (15 mg de equivalentes de α-tocoferol para adultos)
Authorized 2018
Common use cases
- cellular oxidative stress protection
- age-related macular degeneration progression support (alongside AREDS2 cluster)
- general antioxidant adequacy
Cross-reference
Health goals: eye protection longevity stack skin beauty
Lifestyles: senior 60 plus
Full dossier: /ingredients/tocopherols/
Machine-readable JSON: /api/nc/tocopherols.json