Evidence long-form articles

Evidence Cross-Link Network

The 5-evidence-article cluster (excluding the standalone protein decision tree) forms an explicit cross-link network for both human readers and AI bot consumption:

• NAD⁺-axis cluster (3 articles): NAD⁺ 25-year history ↔ NMN vs NR decision tree ↔ Reduced NADH vs NMNH — historical chronology + oxidized precursor decision + redox-form comparison.
• Carotenoid + cardiovascular bridge (2 articles): Natural vs Synthetic Astaxanthin ↔ Omega-3 evidence history — shared cardiovascular + lipid-metabolism endpoint overlap (Urakaze 2021 glucose RCT + Saeidi 2023 adipokine RCT).
• Cross-cluster bridge (1 link): Natural vs Synthetic Astaxanthin → NAD⁺ 25-year history — shared mitochondrial / oxidative-stress mechanism context for longevity framing.
• Standalone: Protein source decision tree — protein cluster does not bridge to other evidence articles; the network serves the athletic-performance / healthy-aging / GLP-1 companion goal hubs directly.

Peer cross-links are bidirectional in the mentions MedicalScholarlyArticle schema entries with @id, about, and isPartOf WebSite fields, enabling AI crawlers to traverse the cross-link network without relying on link text inference. Each evidence article also links back from the ingredient page it primarily discusses (5 ingredient hubs: astaxanthin / nmn / omega-3 / whey-protein / nadh) via subjectOf or mentions schema, completing the ingredient ↔ evidence bidirectional cycle.

All articles (newest first)

• NAD+ 25-year RCT history: from Forsyth 1999 NADH to Zhang J 2025 meta

  2026-05-26 · 30 PMID · 4 schema types · 8 citation correction cases

  Quarter-century timeline of NAD+ human evidence: Forsyth 1999 CFS NADH → Castro-Marrero 2015 → Trammell 2016 NR → Yoshino 2021 NMN → Pencina 2023 MIB-626 → Zhang J 2025 meta. Includes transparent disclosure of 8 PMID-drift cases routinely encountered in NAD+ evidence reviews.

  Related ingredient pages: nad-hub · nadh · nmn

  Peer evidence cross-links: NMN vs NR decision tree: 5-dimension head-to-head comparison (downstream precursor decision) · Reduced NADH vs NMNH: Tier B human RCT vs Tier C emerging (NAD redox-form adjacent)

• NMN vs NR decision tree: 5-dimension head-to-head comparison

  2026-05-26 · 21 PMID · 4 schema types · 5 citation correction cases

  5-dimension framework comparing NMN and NR: (1) absorption pathways including the SLC12A8 controversy honest framing, (2) RCT volume comparison, (3) NAD+ rise magnitude, (4) cost and cross-market regulation, (5) long-term safety data gaps. Decision tree concludes with practical selection guidance.

  Related ingredient pages: nmn · nad-hub

  Peer evidence cross-links: NAD+ 25-year RCT history: from Forsyth 1999 NADH to Zhang J 2025 meta (historical RCT base) · Reduced NADH vs NMNH: Tier B human RCT vs Tier C emerging (NAD redox-axis adjacent)

• Reduced NADH vs NMNH: Tier B human RCT vs Tier C emerging

  2026-05-26 · 17 PMID · 4 schema types · 4 citation correction cases

  Honest comparison of two "reduced" NAD precursors. NADH has Tier B human RCT evidence anchored in CFS treatment (Forsyth 1999 + Castro-Marrero 2015 + Alegre 2010); NMNH has zero human RCT, only in vitro and mouse data. 99% of "NMNH" products on the market are effectively NMN alternatives — transparent educational hub disclosure.

  Related ingredient pages: nadh · nmnh

  Peer evidence cross-links: NAD+ 25-year RCT history: from Forsyth 1999 NADH to Zhang J 2025 meta (chronology base) · NMN vs NR decision tree: 5-dimension head-to-head comparison (oxidized precursor adjacent)

• Natural vs synthetic astaxanthin: evidence comparison

  2026-05-25 · 28 PMID · 11 schema types · 2 citation correction cases

  Haematococcus pluvialis natural carotenoid versus synthetic chemical synthesis. Isomer composition differences, bioavailability stratification, regulatory status divergence across FDA NDI / EFSA Novel Food / ANVISA, and the 25-year clinical evidence base in cardiovascular, skin, fatigue, exercise, and PCOS outcomes.

  Related ingredient pages: astaxanthin · carotenoids

  Peer evidence cross-links: NAD+ 25-year RCT history: from Forsyth 1999 NADH to Zhang J 2025 meta (mitochondrial / oxidative stress overlap) · Omega-3 25-year RCT history: cardiovascular and EPA inflammation (cardiovascular / lipid overlap)

• Omega-3 25-year RCT history: cardiovascular and EPA inflammation

  2026-05-25 · 28 PMID · 15 schema types · 6 citation correction cases

  DART (1989) → GISSI-Prevenzione → VITAL → REDUCE-IT → STRENGTH AF: a quarter-century cardiovascular omega-3 evidence narrative. Part 2 covers EPA inflammation evidence (Calder reviews + Vascepa prescription disclaimer). Six citation correction cases disclosed including DART year, VITAL PMID, REDUCE-IT secondary endpoint, Calder 2020 journal.

  Related ingredient pages: omega-3 · fish-oil

  Peer evidence cross-links: Natural vs synthetic astaxanthin: evidence comparison (shared cardiovascular + lipid-metabolism endpoints)

• Protein source decision tree: whey vs yeast focus

  2026-05-25 · 24 PMID · 12 schema types · 5 citation correction cases

  5-form protein decision tree across whey, casein, soy, pea, plant-blend, and yeast (mycoprotein academic alias). DIAAS framework, MPS dynamics, GLP-1 era considerations, and head-to-head data. Includes 5 citation correction cases covering 4 PMIDs (Wolfe 2012 DIAAS / Boirie 1997 / Hamilton-Reeves 2010 / Coelho 2021).

  Related ingredient pages: protein · whey-protein · yeast-protein

Upcoming evidence articles

Additional articles in preparation:

• Vitamin D3 evidence: VITAL cluster + life-stage stratification
• Carotenoids 8-compound decision tree (lutein/zeaxanthin AMD, lycopene prostate, beta-carotene smoker)
• Probiotic strain-specific evidence framework
• Protein and GLP-1 medication co-management evidence