Tier A

Omega-3 (EPA/DHA/ALA)

Also known as: ω-3 · n-3 PUFA · EPA + DHA · Fish oil · Algal oil

102 PMID anchor · CARDIO · CNS · IMMUNE · REPRO · VISION · Last reviewed 2026-05-31

Mechanism of action

  • Cell membrane phospholipid integration
  • SPM (Resolvins/Protectins/Maresins) biosynthesis
  • Arachidonic acid competition
  • NF-κB suppression
  • GPR120/FFAR4 activation
  • PPAR-α activation

Molecular + tissue targets

  • Cell membranes
  • Eicosanoid synthesis pathway
  • Lipid metabolism
  • BDNF / cognitive markers

Dosage range

EPA+DHA 1-4 g/day (general adult); REDUCE-IT high-risk CVD pure EPA 4 g/day prescription (Vascepa)

Safety notes

Atrial fibrillation risk at high-dose mixed EPA+DHA (STRENGTH); bleeding risk theoretical with anticoagulants

Cross-market regulatory status

🇺🇸 FDA

GRAS · 1 qualified health claim (EPA+DHA + coronary heart disease · docket 2003Q-0401) · 1 qualified health claim (EPA+DHA + blood pressure · docket 2014Q-0337)

🇪🇺 EFSA

Authorized claims for DHA brain function, vision, cardiovascular

🇧🇷 ANVISA

RDC 243/2018 dietary supplement · IN 28/2018 Anexo V 2 alegações funcionais: "Fonte de ômega 3" + "Os ácidos graxos ômega 3 EPA e DHA auxiliam na redução dos triglicerídeos" (≥ 1.500 mg EPA+DHA/dia)

Authorized claims · verbatim (8)

Direct quotes from each jurisdiction's framework · never paraphrased · with framework reference and conditions of use.

🇺🇸 FDA · 2 claims

Qualified Health Claim docket 2003Q-0401

Supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

Conditions: Qualified Health Claim · mandatory "Supportive but not conclusive research shows that" prefix required by FDA enforcement discretion letter · maximum EPA+DHA from supplements: not exceed 2 g/day per FDA recommendation

Authorized 2004

Qualified Health Claim docket 2014Q-0337

Supportive but not conclusive research shows that consuming EPA and DHA combined may reduce blood pressure in the general population and reduce the risk of hypertension.

Conditions: Qualified Health Claim · mandatory "Supportive but not conclusive research shows that" prefix required by FDA enforcement discretion letter · maximum EPA+DHA from supplements: not exceed 2 g/day per FDA recommendation

Authorized 2019

🇪🇺 EFSA · 4 claims

Reg 432/2012 + 440/2011

DHA contributes to maintenance of normal brain function (≥ 250 mg/day).

Conditions: Reg 1924/2006 art 10(2) + Annex: claim may only be used where food provides ≥ 250 mg DHA/day in daily portion(s); "source of omega-3 fatty acids" Annex condition: ≥ 40 mg EPA+DHA per 100 g and 100 kcal

Authorized 2012

Reg 432/2012

DHA contributes to maintenance of normal vision (≥ 250 mg/day).

Conditions: Reg 1924/2006 art 10(2) + Annex: claim may only be used where food provides ≥ 250 mg DHA/day in daily portion(s); "source of omega-3 fatty acids" Annex condition: ≥ 40 mg EPA+DHA per 100 g and 100 kcal

Authorized 2012

Reg 432/2012

EPA and DHA contribute to the normal function of the heart (≥ 250 mg/day).

Conditions: Reg 1924/2006 art 10(2) + Annex: claim may only be used where food provides ≥ 250 mg EPA+DHA/day in daily portion(s); "source of omega-3 fatty acids" Annex condition: ≥ 40 mg EPA+DHA per 100 g and 100 kcal

Authorized 2012

Reg 440/2011

Maternal DHA intake contributes to normal brain development of the foetus and breastfed infants (200 mg/day during pregnancy + lactation).

Conditions: Reg 1924/2006 art 10(2) + Reg 440/2011: claim may only be used where food provides a daily intake of 200 mg DHA in addition to the recommended daily intake of omega-3 fatty acids for adults (i.e., 250 mg DHA + EPA per day); target population: pregnant and lactating women

Authorized 2011

🇧🇷 ANVISA · 2 claims

IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional

Fonte de ômega 3.

Conditions: IN 28/2018 Anexo V: alegação restrita aos suplementos cuja quantidade de EPA e DHA atenda aos valores mínimos do Anexo III (≥ 37,5 mg EPA+DHA/dia para adultos ≥ 19 anos · no mínimo 30 mg devem ser de DHA · gestantes/lactantes ≥ 45 mg/dia)

Authorized 2018

IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional

Os ácidos graxos ômega 3 EPA e DHA auxiliam na redução dos triglicerídeos.

Conditions: IN 28/2018 Anexo V: alegação restrita aos suplementos que forneçam no mínimo 1.500 mg de EPA e DHA somados na recomendação diária de consumo. Restrição: não é permitida a alegação caso o suplemento alimentar possua associação de ingredientes fontes de fitoesterois com ingredientes fontes de ácidos graxos ômega 3

Authorized 2018

Common use cases

  • cardiovascular health
  • cognitive support
  • inflammation markers
  • pregnancy DHA adequacy
Ask Agent Axor