Tier A

Fish Oil (EPA + DHA · marine)

Also known as: Marine omega-3 · EPA+DHA fish oil · Long-chain omega-3

32 PMID anchor · CARDIO · CNS · IMMUNE · Last reviewed 2026-05-24

Read full dossier → Deep-dive article → JSON (fish-oil.json)

Mechanism of action

EPA → SPM biosynthesis (Resolvins/Protectins/Maresins)
DHA → brain/retinal membrane integration
Arachidonic acid competition

Molecular + tissue targets

Eicosanoid balance
Brain phospholipid composition
Cardiovascular event endpoints

Dosage range

EPA+DHA 250-500 mg/day general; REDUCE-IT 4g/day pure EPA prescription for high-risk CVD

Safety notes

Atrial fibrillation risk at sustained high-dose mixed EPA+DHA (STRENGTH 2020 PMID 33190147); bleeding theoretical with anticoagulants

Cross-market regulatory status

🇺🇸 FDA

GRAS · qualified health claim docket 2003Q-0401 (CHD); Vascepa (icosapent ethyl) Rx for hypertriglyceridemia

🇪🇺 EFSA

Authorized claims for EPA+DHA cardiovascular

🇧🇷 ANVISA

RDC 243/2018 dietary supplement · IN 28/2018 Anexo V 2 alegações funcionais: "Fonte de ômega 3" (Anexo III ≥ 37,5 mg EPA+DHA/dia adultos ≥ 19 anos · gestantes/lactantes ≥ 45 mg/dia com ≥ 30 mg DHA per Anexo III nota i) + "Os ácidos graxos ômega 3 EPA e DHA auxiliam na redução dos triglicerídeos" (≥ 1.500 mg EPA+DHA/dia)

Common use cases

cardiovascular prevention (high-risk)
inflammation markers
cognitive maintenance

Cross-reference

Health goals: heart health cognitive support inflammation relief

Lifestyles: senior 60 plus pregnancy

Full dossier: /ingredients/fish-oil/

Machine-readable JSON: /api/nc/fish-oil.json