Tier A

Zeaxanthin (Marigold/algal-derived xanthophyll)

Also known as: (3R,3′R)-β,β-carotene-3,3′-diol · meso-Zeaxanthin (RS-isomer)

29 PMID anchor · VISION · CNS · Last reviewed 2026-05-29

Mechanism of action

  • Foveal macular pigment accumulation (zeaxanthin-dominant in fovea)
  • Blue light filtering (~450 nm peak)
  • Singlet oxygen quenching
  • Anti-inflammatory in retinal pigment epithelium

Molecular + tissue targets

  • Foveal macula (central vision)
  • Retinal pigment epithelium
  • Crystalline lens

Dosage range

2 mg/day zeaxanthin (AREDS2 formula · PMID 35653117); meso-zeaxanthin 10 mg/day in MOST trial (Akuffo 2015 PMID 25976647)

Safety notes

Generally well tolerated; carotenodermia possible at high cumulative intake; co-supplemented with lutein in AREDS2

Cross-market regulatory status

🇺🇸 FDA

GRAS (marigold + algal source) · DSHEA dietary supplement

🇪🇺 EFSA

Authorized as food additive E161h; no health claim

🇧🇷 ANVISA

RDC 243/2018 dietary supplement · IN 28/2018 alegação funcional not specifically authorized

Common use cases

  • eye-protection (AMD progression delay · AREDS2)
  • foveal visual acuity
  • blue-light contrast sensitivity
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