{
  "authorized_claims": [
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin E contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress.",
      "authorization_date": "2012",
      "conditions": "Reg 1924/2006 art 10(2) + Annex: claim may only be used for food which is at least a \"source of vitamin E\" — applies to the whole vitamin E family on an α-tocopherol-equivalents basis"
    },
    {
      "market": "ANVISA",
      "framework_reference": "IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional",
      "claim_verbatim": "A vitamina E é um antioxidante que auxilia na proteção dos danos causados pelos radicais livres.",
      "authorization_date": "2018",
      "conditions": "IN 28/2018 Anexo V: alegação restrita a suplementos cujo aporte diário do nutriente atenda à quantidade mínima do Anexo II (15 mg de equivalentes de α-tocoferol para adultos)"
    }
  ],
  "slug": "vitamin-e",
  "name": "Vitamin E (Tocopherols + Tocotrienols · 8-compound family)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "α-Tocopherol",
    "Mixed tocopherols",
    "Tocotrienols",
    "d-alpha-tocopherol"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in cell membranes",
    "α-TTP-mediated selective α-tocopherol tissue delivery",
    "γ-tocopherol reactive-nitrogen-species scavenging",
    "Non-antioxidant cell signalling (PKC / NF-κB modulation)"
  ],
  "target": [
    "Cell membrane lipid layer",
    "Oxidative stress markers",
    "Liver histology (NASH context)",
    "Neurological function (AVED context)"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "cellular oxidative stress protection",
    "NASH histology improvement (specialist-supervised)",
    "AVED treatment (rare genetic disease)",
    "general antioxidant adequacy"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "CELL",
    "CARDIO",
    "CNS",
    "SKIN",
    "LIVER"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "A",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 27,
  "dosage_range": "15 mg α-tocopherol equivalents per day RDA (adults); ≤ 200 mg/day α-tocopherol for general wellness; 400 IU/day is the threshold above which mortality / prostate-cancer / heart-failure signals appear; NASH and AVED use 800–2,000 IU only under specialist supervision",
  "safety_notes": "NET EVIDENCE IS NEGATIVE for general cardiovascular and cancer prevention — high-dose α-tocopherol (≥ 400 IU/day) carries an all-cause-mortality signal (Miller 2005 meta), a prostate-cancer signal in healthy men (SELECT, PMID 21990298), heart-failure (HOPE-TOO) and hemorrhagic-stroke (PHS II) signals; benefit is positive only in specific indications (NASH histology, AVED) under medical supervision; vitamin K antagonist (warfarin) interaction at high doses",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "GRAS · DSHEA dietary supplement; FDA recognizes only a Qualified Health Claim (CVD/cancer · requires \"evidence is limited and not conclusive\" qualifier) — NOT an authorized health claim",
    "efsa": "Authorized health claim Reg 432/2012 \"Vitamin E contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress\" (vitamin E source threshold required); NRV 12 mg",
    "anvisa": "RDC 243/2018 dietary supplement · IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional (antioxidant / free-radical protection · ≥ 15 mg α-TE/day)",
    "cn": "Established nutrient — NMPA health-food raw-material catalogue (nutrient-supplement category) + GB 14880 food fortifier (α-tocopherol the regulated form) · GB 10765 infant-formula mandatory addition"
  },
  "regulatory_markets": [
    {
      "market": "US",
      "status": "GRAS"
    },
    {
      "market": "EU",
      "status": "EFSA"
    },
    {
      "market": "CN",
      "status": "NMPA"
    },
    {
      "market": "BR",
      "status": "ANVISA"
    }
  ],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/vitamin-e/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "liver-health",
    "heart-health",
    "longevity-stack",
    "eye-protection"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-21",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-21",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "proprietary_research_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition and clinical-protocol internals are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}