{
  "authorized_claims": [
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of blood vessels",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of bones",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of cartilage",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of gums",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of skin",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of teeth",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to normal psychological function",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to the normal function of the immune system",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to maintain the normal function of the immune system during and after intense physical exercise",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which provides a daily intake of 200 mg vitamin C. In order to bear the claim information shall be given to the consumer that the beneficial effect is obtained with a daily intake of 200 mg in addition to the recommended daily intake of vitamin C."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C contributes to the regeneration of the reduced form of vitamin E",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012",
      "claim_verbatim": "Vitamin C increases iron absorption",
      "conditions": "The claim may be used only for food which is at least a source of vitamin C as referred to in the claim SOURCE OF [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] AND/OR [NAME OF MINERAL/S] as listed in the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006."
    }
  ],
  "slug": "vitamin-c",
  "name": "Vitamin C",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Ascorbic Acid",
    "L-Ascorbic Acid",
    "Ascorbate",
    "Vitamina C",
    "Acido ascorbico",
    "Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid)",
    "Sodium ascorbate",
    "Calcium ascorbate"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "water-soluble antioxidant scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)",
    "essential cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes in collagen biosynthesis",
    "cofactor for dopamine beta-hydroxylase in catecholamine (norepinephrine) synthesis",
    "reduces dietary non-heme iron from ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) form enhancing intestinal absorption",
    "regenerates oxidized alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) back to its reduced active form",
    "cofactor for carnitine biosynthesis supporting fatty acid transport into mitochondria for energy production",
    "modulates immune cell function including neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation"
  ],
  "target": [
    "collagen-dependent connective tissue (skin, blood vessels, bones, cartilage, gums, teeth)",
    "immune system (innate and adaptive)",
    "antioxidant defense network (cellular redox homeostasis)",
    "non-heme iron absorption pathway (duodenal enterocytes)",
    "nervous system (catecholamine biosynthesis pathway)",
    "mitochondrial energy metabolism (carnitine pathway)"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "daily nutritional support for normal immune function",
    "antioxidant support for protection of cells from oxidative stress",
    "support for collagen formation (skin, bones, cartilage, gums, teeth, blood vessels)",
    "co-supplementation with iron to enhance non-heme iron absorption",
    "support during and after intense physical exercise",
    "reduction of tiredness and fatigue",
    "support for normal psychological function and nervous system function"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "METABOLISM"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "A",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 2,
  "dosage_range": "EFSA NRV (Nutrient Reference Value, used for labelling): 80 mg/day. EFSA Population Reference Intake (PRI): 110 mg/day adult men, 95 mg/day adult women (increased by 10 mg/day during pregnancy and 60 mg/day during lactation). US IOM RDA: 90 mg/day adult men, 75 mg/day adult women (+35 mg/day for smokers). Common supplemental doses: 100-1000 mg/day. EFSA-conditioned immune-during-exercise claim requires daily intake of 200 mg vitamin C. US IOM Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): 2000 mg/day for adults (based on osmotic diarrhea risk).",
  "safety_notes": "Generally recognized as safe at typical supplemental doses. Doses above the UL of 2000 mg/day may cause gastrointestinal disturbances including osmotic diarrhea, nausea and abdominal cramps. High-dose vitamin C may increase oxalate excretion and theoretically increase risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones in predisposed individuals. Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency or iron overload conditions should consult a healthcare professional before taking high-dose supplements due to enhanced iron absorption and potential pro-oxidant effects. May interfere with certain laboratory tests (glucose, occult blood). Pregnancy and lactation: do not exceed UL.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "United States: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is recognized as an essential nutrient with an established Daily Value (90 mg) under 21 CFR 101.9. There is NO authorized Significant Scientific Agreement (SSA) health claim for vitamin C under 21 CFR Part 101 Subpart E (SSA health claims are limited to twelve specified substances such as calcium, sodium, dietary fat, saturated fat, dietary fiber, fruits and vegetables, folate, sugar alcohols, soluble fiber, soy protein and plant sterols/stanols; vitamin C is not among them). Permitted communications are limited to: (a) nutrient content claims (e.g. \"Excellent source of vitamin C\" if ≥20% DV per serving, \"Good source\" if 10-19% DV per serving) under 21 CFR 101.54; and (b) DSHEA structure/function statements (e.g. \"supports immune function\", \"supports antioxidant defenses\") under 21 USC 343(r)(6), which must bear the FDA disclaimer (\"This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.\") and be substantiated, truthful and not misleading. Qualified Health Claims (QHCs) and disease prevention/treatment claims are NOT permitted for vitamin C in the absence of a specific FDA letter of enforcement discretion.",
    "efsa": "European Union: Vitamin C is included on the EU permitted list of vitamins for food supplements (Directive 2002/46/EC) and in fortified foods (Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006). The Nutrient Reference Value (NRV) for labelling is 80 mg (Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 Annex XIII). Fifteen Article 13(1) function health claims for vitamin C are authorized under Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 (Annex), all conditioned on the food providing at least a \"source\" of vitamin C (≥15% NRV per 100 g/100 ml/portion) under Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, with the exception of the claim \"Vitamin C contributes to maintain the normal function of the immune system during and after intense physical exercise\" which requires a daily intake of 200 mg vitamin C. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies set the Population Reference Intake at 110 mg/day for adult men and 95 mg/day for adult women (2013 opinion).",
    "anvisa": "Brasil: A vitamina C (acido ascorbico) e reconhecida como nutriente essencial pela ANVISA. A Instrucao Normativa IN 28/2018 (DC/ANVISA) estabelece os constituintes autorizados, limites minimos e maximos por dose diaria, alegacoes funcionais (Anexo V) e rotulagem complementar para suplementos alimentares. A IDR (Ingestao Diaria Recomendada) de vitamina C para adultos no Brasil e de 45 mg/dia (RDC 269/2005), com Limite Maximo de Seguranca para suplementacao definido em IN 28/2018 Anexo III. As alegacoes funcionais autorizadas no Anexo V da IN 28/2018 seguem o padrao verbatim oficial \"A vitamina C auxilia...\" e cobrem funcionamento do sistema imune, formacao do colageno, metabolismo energetico, antioxidante (protecao das celulas contra os radicais livres) e regeneracao da vitamina E. Verbatim character-for-character requer consulta direta ao PDF oficial do BVSMS/ANVISA - entradas ANVISA deste card intencionalmente ausentes ate confirmacao manual via leitura do PDF oficial."
  },
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/vitamin-c/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "inflammation-relief"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-04",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-04",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}