{
  "slug": "urolithin-a",
  "name": "Urolithin A",
  "alternate_names": [
    "UA",
    "Uro-A",
    "3,8-Dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one",
    "CAS 1143-70-0"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Mitophagy induction (PINK1/Parkin-mediated selective clearance of damaged mitochondria · research context)",
    "AMPK activation supporting mitochondrial biogenesis (research context)",
    "NF-κB / NLRP3 inflammasome suppression (preclinical)",
    "SIRT1 upregulation / NAD+-linked mitochondrial metabolism (research context)",
    "Gut-microbiota metabolite of ellagitannins (only ~30-40% of people are high producers)"
  ],
  "target": [
    "PINK1",
    "Parkin",
    "AMPK",
    "NLRP3",
    "SIRT1",
    "NF-κB"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "healthy aging / longevity (research context)",
    "muscle endurance & strength (research context · secondary-endpoint signal)",
    "athletic performance / recovery (research context)",
    "immune aging / immune remodeling (early RCT signal)",
    "joint health (preclinical only)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "MITO",
    "MUSCULO",
    "IMMUNE",
    "CELL"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "A",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "500-1000 mg/day with food (educational reference · RCT range; mitophagy/muscle-biomarker signals from 4 weeks, muscle-function trials run 4 months · single human dose to 2000 mg tolerated)",
  "safety_notes": "Generally well tolerated in trials up to 1000 mg/day for 4 months and a single 2000 mg dose, with no serious adverse events and only occasional mild GI discomfort. Rat 90-day NOAEL = highest dose tested (≥3451 mg/kg bw/day); Ames-negative. No data in pregnancy, lactation, or children — EFSA assessment limited to adults; consult a healthcare provider. Pomegranate juice/extract or ellagic-acid supplements are NOT equivalent to direct UA (~60-70% of people lack the gut microbiota to form enough UA · vault red line R14). Non-Mitopure raw material is not automatically equivalent to clinical-grade UA (purity/patent caveat · R16).",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "GRAS for food use (GRN 000791 · Amazentis SA · FDA no-questions 2018-12-20 · 500 mg/serving general food, 1000 mg/serving high-protein food). Marketed as a dietary supplement under DSHEA via NDI self-affirmation; NO FDA-authorized health claim — structure/function statements require the mandatory FDA disclaimer. 'FDA approved/certified' is prohibited.",
    "efsa": "Authorized novel food ingredient via the EU novel-food route (Amazentis/Mitopure dossier · EFSA positive opinion; check current authorisation status) in specified food categories (cereal/protein/nutrition products); EFSA 2021 positive safety opinion at ≤500 mg/day for adults. NO authorized health claim under Reg 432/2012. Not for children, pregnant or lactating women (not assessed).",
    "anvisa": "No public ANVISA approval record for synthetic urolithin A as a food supplement constituent; no Anexo V alegação funcional. Status to be confirmed via official channel — treat as not authorized."
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/urolithin-a/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "longevity-stack",
    "athletic-performance"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus",
    "athletic-performance"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}