{
  "slug": "ubiquinol",
  "name": "Ubiquinol (Reduced CoQ10)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Reduced Coenzyme Q10",
    "Ubiquinol-10",
    "QH",
    "Kaneka QH"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Already-reduced (active antioxidant) form of CoQ10 — no cellular reduction step required",
    "Mitochondrial electron transport chain electron carrier",
    "Lipid-phase antioxidant (regenerates the vitamin E radical)",
    "Statin-induced CoQ10 depletion rescue"
  ],
  "target": [
    "Mitochondrial bioenergetics",
    "Cardiac myocyte ATP",
    "Vascular endothelium"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "statin-associated muscle symptoms (research context)",
    "endothelial function in dyslipidemia (100-200 mg/day RCT · PMID 32326664)",
    "age-related CoQ10 decline (better absorbed than ubiquinone, esp. >40yo)",
    "mitochondrial support"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "CARDIO",
    "MITO",
    "METABOLISM"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "A",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 128,
  "evidence_breakdown": {
    "meta_sr": 2,
    "human_rct": 32,
    "total_indexed": 128
  },
  "dosage_range": "100-200 mg/day ubiquinol (both doses improved flow-mediated dilation in a dyslipidemia RCT · PMID 32326664); doses to 1500 mg/day tolerated in MSA trials; take with fat",
  "safety_notes": "Generally well tolerated (Kaneka Ubiquinol self-affirmed GRAS · non-GMO yeast fermentation); theoretical warfarin interaction (quinone structure); note: the bioavailability advantage over ubiquinone is reported but inconsistent across crossover studies",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "Self-affirmed GRAS (Kaneka Ubiquinol / KanekaQH) · DSHEA dietary supplement; structure/function claims permitted",
    "efsa": "No authorized health claim (same status as CoQ10, claims rejected 2010); permitted as food supplement",
    "anvisa": "RDC 243/2018 dietary supplement · IN 28/2018 alegação funcional not authorized",
    "cn": "China SAMR: ubiquinol (reduced CoQ10) follows the ubidecarenone (CoQ10) Health Food Raw Material framework (2021 filing route · immune-enhancement + antioxidant functions); general food cannot make claims."
  },
  "regulatory_markets": [
    {
      "market": "US",
      "status": "GRAS",
      "tier": "permitted"
    },
    {
      "market": "EU",
      "status": "2002/46/EC",
      "tier": "permitted"
    },
    {
      "market": "CN",
      "status": "Health Food",
      "tier": "authorized"
    },
    {
      "market": "BR",
      "status": "ANVISA",
      "tier": "permitted"
    }
  ],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/ubiquinol/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "heart-health",
    "longevity-stack",
    "athletic-performance"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus",
    "high-stress"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-07-11",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.1",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-07-11",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "proprietary_research_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition and clinical-protocol internals are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}