{
  "slug": "quercetin",
  "name": "Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Quercetin",
    "Quercetin dihydrate",
    "Quercetin Phytosome (Quercefit®/Lecigon®)",
    "Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside)"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Direct ROS/RNS free-radical scavenging (B-ring catechol)",
    "NF-κB / NLRP3 inflammasome pathway inhibition",
    "NRF2 / Keap1 antioxidant pathway activation",
    "Mast-cell stabilization / histamine release modulation",
    "AMPK / SIRT1 activation (mechanism research)",
    "CYP3A4 / P-gp modulation (drug-interaction relevant)"
  ],
  "target": [
    "NF-κB",
    "NLRP3 inflammasome",
    "NRF2 / Keap1",
    "Mast cells",
    "Xanthine oxidase",
    "CYP3A4 / P-glycoprotein",
    "Vascular endothelium"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "antioxidant / oxidative-stress marker support (research context)",
    "inflammation marker modulation (CRP/IL-6/TNF-α)",
    "blood-pressure markers within normal range (research context)",
    "histamine / seasonal immune-response support (research context)",
    "upper-respiratory-tract support in high-intensity training (research context)",
    "cellular-senescence biology (academic frontier · NOT a consumer claim)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "CELL",
    "IMMUNE",
    "CARDIO",
    "RESP",
    "MITO"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "A",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "500–1000 mg/day standard powder with a fat-containing meal (educational reference); allergy/cardiovascular RCTs frequently use Quercetin Phytosome (Quercefit®) 200–500 mg/day — bioavailability of standard aglycone powder is <1%, so Phytosome/isoquercitrin (~5–20× Cmax) trial data must NOT be back-applied to standard-powder products. Long-term use ≥1500 mg/day lacks adequate human data.",
  "safety_notes": "50+ human RCTs report no serious adverse events; mild GI upset / headache <5%. Moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor + P-gp inhibitor — theoretical interaction risk with cyclosporine, tacrolimus, statins, DOAC anticoagulants, digoxin (consult a healthcare provider). High-dose long-term use may suppress thyroid peroxidase (animal mechanistic data) — caution in hypothyroid/Hashimoto individuals. Insufficient data in pregnancy/lactation — not recommended. Standard-powder vs Phytosome/isoquercitrin bioavailability data must not be cross-extrapolated.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "DSHEA dietary supplement ingredient — FDA GRAS Notice GRN 341 (Quercegen Pharma; quercetin up to 500 mg/serving) received an FDA no-questions letter in 2010; Quercefit® has an independent safety dossier · Structure/Function Claims only (FDA disclaimer required) · NOT 'FDA approved' · no disease claims (cancer / allergic rhinitis / asthma / hypertension / COVID-19 all prohibited)",
    "efsa": "Food supplement ingredient · EFSA NDA Panel REJECTED quercetin health claims (antioxidant / DNA-protection / cardiovascular) under Reg 1924/2006 Art.13.1 (2009-2011, insufficient causal evidence) · no authorized Art.13.1/14 health claim · ≤500 mg/day tolerability assessed (EFSA 2011) · may be sold without efficacy labelling",
    "anvisa": "Purified quercetin NOT listed in IN 28/2018 dietary-supplement positive list · possible fitoterápico route requires separate registration · no disease-risk-reduction claim"
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/quercetin/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "inflammation-relief",
    "heart-health"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}