{
  "slug": "pterostilbene",
  "name": "Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Pterostilbene",
    "trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene",
    "Pterocarpus marsupium / blueberry stilbene",
    "Resveratrol dimethyl ether (analog · NOT interchangeable)"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "SIRT1 activation reported (research-context · sirtuin-pathway framing carried over from resveratrol literature · human longevity-endpoint NOT demonstrated)",
    "AMPK activation → metabolic/energy signaling (preclinical mechanism)",
    "NF-κB inhibition → anti-inflammatory signaling (in-vitro / animal mechanistic context)",
    "Nrf2 / ARE antioxidant-response pathway activation (mechanistic)",
    "mTOR inhibition / TFEB-mediated autophagy induction (preclinical · La Spina 2021 PMID 34992716)",
    "Improved oral bioavailability vs resveratrol (~80% reported pharmacokinetic property · two methoxy substitutions increase lipophilicity/metabolic stability)"
  ],
  "target": [
    "SIRT1",
    "AMPK",
    "NF-kB",
    "Nrf2/ARE",
    "mTOR / TFEB (autophagy)"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "antioxidant / cellular-aging research context (mechanistic · single-ingredient human efficacy data lacking)",
    "NAD+ research context — ONLY as the NR+PT (NRPT) fixed-combination, NOT a pterostilbene-monotherapy effect (Simic 2020 PMID 32791973)",
    "metabolic / lipid research markers (research-context · NR+PT combination or animal models · not attributable to PT alone)",
    "cardiovascular / vascular research markers (research-context · animal/in-vitro NO-pathway only)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "CELL",
    "CARDIO",
    "CNS",
    "METABOLISM",
    "ENDO",
    "MITO"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "B",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "Educational reference, not a dosing recommendation. Research literature describes 50-250 mg/day single-ingredient pterostilbene; the most-studied human exposure is the fixed NR+PT (NRPT) combination at PT 50 mg/day alongside NR 250-1000 mg/day. Doses are framed by small short-term or combination studies, not by confirmatory single-ingredient efficacy trials.",
  "safety_notes": "Single-ingredient pterostilbene human monotherapy EFFICACY RCT count = 1 (Otsuka 2025 short-term healthy-participant study, PMID 40024751); direct meta-analysis/SR count = 0 → double-axis grade = B (not vault's blended B, which leaned on NR+PT combination data). Most human data come from the NR+PT (NRPT) fixed combination and CANNOT be attributed to pterostilbene alone (EXCLUDED from tier per NC §8.17 combination rule). Resveratrol analog studies are NOT counted (NC §8.17 · derivative). Short-term tolerability appears acceptable; long-term (>6 months) independent human safety data are limited. Pterostilbene is an analog of resveratrol but pharmacokinetics and efficacy data are NOT interchangeable. No adequate pregnancy/lactation data. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if on prescription medication.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "Legal dietary supplement ingredient under DSHEA (NDI notification pathway) · no independent GRAS notification on file · multiple marketed supplements contain pterostilbene · structure/function claims only with mandatory DSHEA disclaimer · NO FDA-authorized health/disease claim",
    "efsa": "0 authorized / 0 non-authorized health claim — pterostilbene has never been submitted for EFSA Reg 432/2012 evaluation · likely requires Novel Food (Reg 2015/2283) authorization for EU food-supplement market access (EU Commission Novel Food assessment context noted in vault as of 2026-01-27, authorization path unconfirmed) · no functional copy supported at EU level",
    "anvisa": "No clear Brazilian market-access path · non-traditional food constituent · not an established listed supplement ingredient · would require case-by-case ANVISA evaluation · no IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional"
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/pterostilbene/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "longevity-stack",
    "heart-health"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}