{
  "slug": "phosphatidylserine",
  "name": "Phosphatidylserine (PS · soy/sunflower-derived)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Phosphatidylserine",
    "PS",
    "Soy-PS",
    "Sunflower-PS",
    "PtdSer"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Neuronal cell-membrane phospholipid — maintains membrane fluidity and integrity (research-context mechanism)",
    "Supports presynaptic acetylcholine release and cholinergic signaling (preclinical / mechanistic)",
    "Modulation of the HPA-axis cortisol/ACTH stress response (human IV BC-PS challenge data)",
    "Inner-leaflet membrane phospholipid involved in neuronal signal transduction"
  ],
  "target": [
    "Neuronal membrane phospholipid pool",
    "Cholinergic / acetylcholine system",
    "HPA axis (cortisol / ACTH)"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "cognitive / memory support (research-context)",
    "attention / focus in pediatric ADHD (research-context · pure soy-PS RCT)",
    "exercise / HPA-axis cortisol stress response (research-context · mixed/null results)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "NEURO",
    "MOOD",
    "MUSCULO"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "B",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "Educational reference, not a dosing recommendation. Research describes 100-300 mg/day of oral soy/sunflower-derived PS over 6-12 weeks in the cognitive/memory context (pediatric ADHD RCT used 200 mg/day); higher 300-800 mg/day ranges appear in exercise/cortisol studies (mostly null on the stress endpoint). Common commercial unit strengths are 100-200 mg.",
  "safety_notes": "Generally well tolerated at 100-800 mg/day in trials; uncommon mild GI upset. Soy-derived PS products must declare the soy allergen (sunflower-derived PS avoids this). No adequate pregnancy/lactation data. Evidence base is small and mixed: the cleanest positive HPA/cortisol data come from INTRAVENOUS brain-cortex-derived PS (not the oral plant-source supplement), and the oral soy-PS sports RCT (Kingsley 2005) was largely NULL on cortisol — so cortisol-recovery framing is not well supported. Double-axis grade B: pure-PS human RCT >=1 (Monteleone 1990 IV positive · Hirayama 2014 oral positive), but direct single-ingredient meta-analysis / systematic review count = 0 -> NOT grade A.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "Legal dietary-supplement ingredient under DSHEA (GRAS self-affirmed, soy/sunflower lecithin source). FDA issued a 2003 Qualified Health Claim (QHC) on phosphatidylserine and cognitive dysfunction / dementia risk in the elderly — but it is a QUALIFIED claim carrying mandatory FDA disclaimer language stating the scientific evidence is very limited and preliminary; the regulator-templated wording must be used unaltered and is NOT a strong/unqualified health claim. Vault locks the QHC wording as non-editable but does not supply the verbatim text, so it is not reproduced here.",
    "efsa": "Authorized as a Novel Food / permitted food-supplement ingredient in the EU; 0 EFSA-authorized health claim (Reg 432/2012) — Art.13/14 cognitive claims for phosphatidylserine were not approved.",
    "anvisa": "Permitted as a food-supplement (suplemento alimentar) constituent under the RDC 243/2018 framework; no authorized IN 28/2018 alegação funcional for phosphatidylserine."
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/phosphatidylserine/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "cognitive-support"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}