{
  "slug": "niacin",
  "name": "Niacin (Nicotinic Acid · Vitamin B3 acid form)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Nicotinic Acid",
    "Vitamin B3 (acid form)",
    "Vitamin PP (acid form)",
    "Niaspan (Rx ER form)"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "HM74A/GPR109A agonism",
    "NAD+ precursor",
    "Lipid management (HDL+ / TG-)",
    "Adiponectin-mediated insulin sensitivity"
  ],
  "target": [
    "GPR109A receptor",
    "NAD+ pool",
    "Liver lipoprotein metabolism"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "cardiovascular lipid management (Rx prescription only)",
    "NAD+ precursor (low dose RDA)",
    "pellagra treatment"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "METABOLISM",
    "CARDIO",
    "SKIN"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "C",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 2,
  "dosage_range": "14-18 mg/day RDA (B3 deficiency prevention) · 500-2000 mg/day Rx ER Niaspan (Tier C · prescription only)",
  "safety_notes": "Flushing common at > 50 mg/day acute · hepatotoxicity at sustained > 3 g/day · UL 35 mg/day (NIH-ODS) for non-prescription · Rx Niaspan AIM-HIGH 2011 (PMID 22085343) + HPS2-THRIVE 2014 (PMID 25014686) showed no incremental benefit + adverse signal on statin background",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "GRAS (vitamin B3 acid form low dose) · Rx Niaspan for hyperlipidemia",
    "efsa": "Reg 432/2012 authorized health claims · 6 niacin claims (vitamin B3 family)",
    "anvisa": "IN 28/2018 Anexo V \"niacina\" · 4 functional claims (pele · mucosas · metabolismo energético · metabolismo de proteínas/carboidratos/gorduras) · UL 35 mg/day non-prescription"
  },
  "authorized_claims": [
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012 Annex · authorized health claim · EFSA Journal 2009;7(9):1224",
      "claim_verbatim": "Niacin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism",
      "authorization_date": "2012",
      "conditions": "Food must be at least a source of niacin per Reg 1924/2006 nutrition claim \"SOURCE OF [VITAMIN/S]\" threshold (15% of NRV per 100 g/ml or per portion; niacin NRV = 16 mg)"
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012 Annex · authorized health claim · EFSA Journal 2009;7(9):1224",
      "claim_verbatim": "Niacin contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system",
      "authorization_date": "2012",
      "conditions": "Food must be at least a source of niacin per Reg 1924/2006 nutrition claim threshold"
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012 Annex · authorized health claim · EFSA Journal 2010;8(10):1757",
      "claim_verbatim": "Niacin contributes to normal psychological function",
      "authorization_date": "2012",
      "conditions": "Food must be at least a source of niacin per Reg 1924/2006 nutrition claim threshold"
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012 Annex · authorized health claim · EFSA Journal 2009;7(9):1224",
      "claim_verbatim": "Niacin contributes to the maintenance of normal mucous membranes",
      "authorization_date": "2012",
      "conditions": "Food must be at least a source of niacin per Reg 1924/2006 nutrition claim threshold"
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012 Annex · authorized health claim · EFSA Journal 2009;7(9):1224 + 2010;8(10):1757",
      "claim_verbatim": "Niacin contributes to the maintenance of normal skin",
      "authorization_date": "2012",
      "conditions": "Food must be at least a source of niacin per Reg 1924/2006 nutrition claim threshold"
    },
    {
      "market": "EFSA",
      "framework_reference": "Reg 432/2012 Annex · authorized health claim · EFSA Journal 2010;8(10):1757",
      "claim_verbatim": "Niacin contributes to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue",
      "authorization_date": "2012",
      "conditions": "Food must be at least a source of niacin per Reg 1924/2006 nutrition claim threshold"
    },
    {
      "market": "ANVISA",
      "framework_reference": "IN 28/2018 Anexo V · alegação funcional autorizada",
      "claim_verbatim": "A niacina auxilia no metabolismo energético.",
      "authorization_date": "2018",
      "conditions": "Alegação restrita aos suplementos alimentares cuja quantidade de niacina atenda aos valores mínimos estabelecidos no Anexo III (≥ 2.4 mg/dia adultos ≥ 19 anos)"
    },
    {
      "market": "ANVISA",
      "framework_reference": "IN 28/2018 Anexo V · alegação funcional autorizada",
      "claim_verbatim": "A niacina auxilia no metabolismo de proteínas, carboidratos e gorduras.",
      "authorization_date": "2018",
      "conditions": "Alegação restrita aos suplementos alimentares cuja quantidade de niacina atenda aos valores mínimos estabelecidos no Anexo III (≥ 2.4 mg/dia adultos ≥ 19 anos)"
    },
    {
      "market": "ANVISA",
      "framework_reference": "IN 28/2018 Anexo V · alegação funcional autorizada",
      "claim_verbatim": "A niacina contribui para a manutenção da pele.",
      "authorization_date": "2018",
      "conditions": "Alegação restrita aos suplementos alimentares cuja quantidade de niacina atenda aos valores mínimos estabelecidos no Anexo III (≥ 2.4 mg/dia adultos ≥ 19 anos)"
    },
    {
      "market": "ANVISA",
      "framework_reference": "IN 28/2018 Anexo V · alegação funcional autorizada",
      "claim_verbatim": "A niacina auxilia na manutenção de mucosas.",
      "authorization_date": "2018",
      "conditions": "Alegação restrita aos suplementos alimentares cuja quantidade de niacina atenda aos valores mínimos estabelecidos no Anexo III (≥ 2.4 mg/dia adultos ≥ 19 anos)"
    }
  ],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/niacin/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "heart-health",
    "longevity-stack"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-02",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-02",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}