{
  "slug": "msm",
  "name": "MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Methylsulfonylmethane",
    "Dimethyl sulfone",
    "DMSO2",
    "OptiMSM",
    "MSM"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Organic sulfur (bioavailable sulfur) donor for connective-tissue substrate synthesis",
    "NF-κB signaling inhibition (research-context anti-inflammatory pathway)",
    "Free-radical / ROS scavenging and glutathione-supportive antioxidant activity",
    "Reduction of exercise-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling (IL-6, CRP) in trials"
  ],
  "target": [
    "NF-κB (p65/p50)",
    "GSH",
    "IL-6",
    "TNF-α",
    "COL1A1"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "Joint Support (research on knee osteoarthritis pain/stiffness)",
    "Sports Nutrition (exercise recovery / DOMS research)",
    "Antioxidant (oxidative-stress markers)",
    "Beauty From Within (skin/keratin — preliminary research only)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "MUSCULO",
    "SKIN",
    "IMMUNE"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "B",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "3 g/day in RCTs (joint OA · 12 weeks; exercise recovery · 4-8 weeks); common commercial dose 1.5-3 g/day; short-term studies to 6 g/day without serious adverse events (educational reference, not a recommendation)",
  "safety_notes": "Well tolerated at 1.5-6 g/day in clinical trials; common adverse events (mild GI discomfort, headache) not significantly different from placebo. OptiMSM holds GRAS status. Long-term (>12 months) high-dose safety data are limited. Caution advised with anticoagulants (theoretical/precautionary; no documented interaction). Insufficient safety data in pregnancy, lactation, and children. Not a substitute for medical care of joint disease.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "Lawful dietary supplement ingredient under DSHEA; OptiMSM (Bergstrom Nutrition) holds an independent GRAS determination; Structure/Function claims permitted with mandatory FDA disclaimer; no standardized upper limit",
    "efsa": "Permitted as a food supplement ingredient (member-state level, some variation); NO EFSA-authorized health claim under Reg 432/2012",
    "anvisa": "Permitted as a dietary/food supplement ingredient under the ANVISA framework; no specific authorized functional claim (alegação funcional) identified"
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/msm/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "joint-bone",
    "athletic-performance"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}