{
  "slug": "dpa",
  "name": "DPA (Docosapentaenoic Acid)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Docosapentaenoic acid",
    "n-3 DPA",
    "n-6 DPA",
    "DPA omega-3",
    "Clupanodonic acid (n-3 DPA)",
    "Osbond acid (n-6 DPA)"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Omega-3 C22:5 PUFA · sits as the metabolic intermediate between EPA (C20:5) and DHA (C22:6) in the n-3 elongation/desaturation pathway",
    "Substrate for a distinct set of n-3 DPA-derived specialised pro-resolving mediators (resolvins and protectins) generated independently of the EPA- and DHA-derived mediator families (mechanistic / in-vitro evidence)",
    "Modulation of inflammatory signalling including NF-kB-associated pathways in preclinical models",
    "n-6 DPA and its 12-lipoxygenase-oxidised lipids regulate platelet reactivity in non-genomic preclinical models",
    "Reported balancing of microglial M1/M2 polarisation in a neuronal neuroinflammation model (animal/in-vitro)"
  ],
  "target": [
    "n-3 DPA-derived resolvins and protectins (specialised pro-resolving mediator pathway)",
    "NF-kB inflammatory signalling",
    "12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and its oxidised lipid products",
    "Platelet reactivity",
    "Microglial M1/M2 polarisation"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "omega-3 inflammation-resolution research framework (preclinical · n-3 DPA-derived resolvins/protectins distinct from EPA/DHA mediators)",
    "cardiovascular and platelet-biology research context (review and mechanistic evidence · including n-6 DPA 12-LOX platelet modulation)",
    "brain / neuroinflammation research framework (animal model of microglial polarisation; shared and independent omega-3 brain effects)",
    "differentiation rationale for an EPA-DPA-DHA triple omega-3 profile covering the complete n-3 metabolic pathway (compositional fact, not an independent efficacy claim)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "CARDIO",
    "NEURO",
    "IMMUNE"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "C",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "No standalone human supplementation RCT of DPA exists, so there is no clinically validated DPA-specific dose or intervention duration. DPA is normally ingested as a minor component of fish oil and as a more enriched component of seal oil (roughly 4-5% DPA by fatty-acid content). Where DPA appears in human studies it is as part of whole-oil EPA+DPA+DHA blends, not as an isolated compound; the existing direct-DPA evidence base is limited to reviews and preclinical (animal / in-vitro) work.",
  "safety_notes": "No DPA-specific human safety dataset exists; tolerability is expected to parallel other long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, i.e. mild gastrointestinal upset typical of fish-oil-class products. As with all omega-3 PUFAs, high intakes may modestly affect platelet function and bleeding tendency, which is relevant for anticoagulant/antiplatelet users and the perioperative window. DPA is naturally present in fish oil, seal oil and human breast milk. Not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease; speak with a qualified healthcare professional before use, especially if pregnant, nursing, on medication, or managing a medical condition.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "GRAS-status omega-3 fatty acid naturally present in fish oil and seal oil; permitted as a dietary supplement constituent under the DSHEA framework (omega-3 fatty acid category, structure/function claims). No DPA-specific FDA-approved health claim; DPA is not separately listed within the EPA+DHA qualified health claim framework.",
    "efsa": "Permitted as a food/food-supplement constituent within fish-oil / marine-oil products. EFSA Reg 432/2012 authorised omega-3 health claims cover EPA and DHA; there is NO standalone EFSA authorised health claim for DPA.",
    "anvisa": "Permitted as a constituent of food supplements (RDC 243/2018) when present via fish oil or seal oil. IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional covers EPA and DHA (\"Os ácidos graxos ômega 3 EPA e DHA auxiliam na redução dos triglicerídeos.\"); there is no separate ANVISA functional claim for DPA alone."
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/dpa/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "heart-health"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}