{
  "slug": "cla",
  "name": "CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "Conjugated Linoleic Acid",
    "c9,t11-CLA",
    "t10,c12-CLA",
    "Tonalin",
    "Clarinol"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) inhibition",
    "AMPK activation",
    "PPAR-gamma modulation",
    "NF-kappaB suppression",
    "Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) downregulation in adipocytes"
  ],
  "target": [
    "Adipose tissue lipid storage",
    "Body composition / fat mass markers",
    "Plasma lipid profile",
    "Inflammatory cytokine markers (CRP, adipokines)",
    "Insulin sensitivity markers"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "body composition research (fat-mass reduction in RCTs)",
    "lean-mass-preservation research context",
    "lipid-marker research context",
    "inflammatory-marker research context"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "WEIGHT",
    "MUSCULO",
    "IMMUNE",
    "ENDO"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "A",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "3.2-6.4 g/day mixed isomers in body-composition RCTs (most meta-analyzed trials 3.2-6.4 g/day, 6-12 months; educational reference, not a recommendation)",
  "safety_notes": "Generally tolerable in trials; GI discomfort most common. ISOMER-SPECIFIC SAFETY SIGNAL: t10,c12-CLA associated in some human studies with reduced insulin sensitivity, raised CRP, lowered HDL (esp. obese / T2DM populations; PMID 17510671). Mild ALT elevation / hepatic steatosis markers reported. Long-term safety beyond ~24 months not well characterized; not characterized for pregnancy/lactation. Educational only; not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "Dietary supplement under DSHEA; GRAS — FDA GRAS Notices GRN 521 and GRN 232 both received 'no questions' letters (GRN 153 and GRN 148 ceased). No FDA-authorized health claim; structure/function statements permitted with DSHEA disclaimer.",
    "efsa": "Market access permitted as food supplement, but NO authorized EFSA health claim. All Art.13.1 claims (body fat, lean body mass, immune, etc.) were rejected in 2010, and the Clarinol/Tonalin Art.13.5 body-fat application was rejected (EFSA Journal J.3953, 2015 — EFSA concluded CLA-associated fat reduction was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and inflammation, not a beneficial physiological effect).",
    "anvisa": "Saleable within the sports-nutrition category (RDC 243/2018 dietary supplement framework / IN 28/2018 pathway). No IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional specific to CLA."
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/cla/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "weight-management"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "athletic-performance"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}