{
  "slug": "citicoline",
  "name": "Citicoline (CDP-Choline)",
  "alternate_names": [
    "CDP-Choline",
    "Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine",
    "Cognizin"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Kennedy pathway phospholipid synthesis precursor (phosphatidylcholine)",
    "Choline donor for acetylcholine synthesis",
    "Mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin support",
    "Phospholipase A2 inhibition (membrane preservation)",
    "Dopaminergic pathway modulation (research context)"
  ],
  "target": [
    "Neuronal membrane phospholipids",
    "Cholinergic neurotransmission",
    "Mitochondrial membranes"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "cognitive/memory support (research context)",
    "attention/psychomotor speed (research context)",
    "retinal/visual neural support (research context)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "CNS",
    "VISION",
    "MITO",
    "MOOD",
    "MUSCULO"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "A",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "250-500 mg/day in healthy-adult cognition RCTs (Cognizin); DSLD median 250 mg/day (range 120-600 mg). Educational reference, not a dosing recommendation. Rx-context acute-injury studies used 1000-2000 mg/day (prescription setting, distinct use-context, not supplement-relevant).",
  "safety_notes": "Generally well tolerated in trials; uncommon headache/insomnia/GI discomfort (<5%). High doses may disturb sleep — research suggests morning dosing. Theoretical levodopa potentiation and AChE-inhibitor additive effect; disclose concomitant use to a clinician. No adequate pregnancy/lactation data.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "Marketed as a DSHEA dietary supplement (Cognizin and others) — NDI / self-determined status varies by manufacturer (no single accepted NDIN confirmed) · 0 GRAS GRN · 0 FDA authorized health claim · note a parallel OTC/Rx drug identity exists internationally (ATC N06BX06) · DSLD ~46 products",
    "efsa": "Sold as a food supplement in several EU member states (Italy, Spain, etc.) · 0 EFSA authorized health claim",
    "anvisa": "Regulated principally as a prescription medicine in Brazil · dietary-supplement pathway requires case-by-case evaluation · no IN 28/2018 Anexo V alegação funcional"
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/citicoline/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "cognitive-support"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}