{
  "slug": "boron",
  "name": "Boron",
  "alternate_names": [
    "B",
    "Boron (elemental trace mineral)",
    "Sodium tetraborate / boric acid (forms studied)",
    "Calcium fructoborate (organic boron form)"
  ],
  "mechanism": [
    "Modulation of steroid-hormone metabolism (reported shifts in free testosterone, 17-beta-estradiol, and SHBG in small human trials)",
    "Influence on calcium, magnesium and vitamin-D homeostasis (reduced urinary Ca/Mg excretion in depletion-repletion studies)",
    "NF-kB pathway down-regulation and reduction of inflammatory markers (hsCRP, TNF-alpha) in mechanistic/early human work",
    "Putative role in bone mineralization and mineral-metabolism enzymatic activity"
  ],
  "target": [
    "Steroid-hormone axis (testosterone / estradiol / SHBG)",
    "Calcium-magnesium-vitamin D mineral metabolism",
    "Bone matrix and mineralization",
    "Inflammatory cytokine signaling (NF-kB)"
  ],
  "use_case": [
    "Bone and mineral metabolism (research context)",
    "Joint comfort / anti-inflammatory signaling (research context)",
    "Steroid-hormone metabolism markers (research context, small trials)",
    "Calcium / magnesium / vitamin-D metabolism support (research context)"
  ],
  "body_system": [
    "MUSCULO",
    "ENDO",
    "REPRO",
    "IMMUNE"
  ],
  "evidence_tier": "B",
  "evidence_anchor_pmid_count": 3,
  "dosage_range": "Typical dietary intake 1-3 mg/day; supplemental boron studied at ~3-10 mg/day in human trials; no established RDA/AI; tolerable upper intake level (UL) 20 mg/day for adults (US FNB). Educational reference, not a dosing recommendation.",
  "safety_notes": "Generally well tolerated at typical dietary and low-supplemental intakes; UL is 20 mg/day for adults (do not exceed). High intakes can cause GI upset; very high acute doses of boric acid/borate are toxic. Reproductive/developmental toxicity reported in animals at high doses, so caution in pregnancy/lactation (inadequate human data). Educational information, not medical advice.",
  "regulatory": {
    "fda": "Lawful as a dietary supplement under DSHEA; no independent GRAS notice (GRN) for elemental boron; structure/function claims permitted (no disease claims).",
    "efsa": "0 authorized health claims / 8 non-authorised opinions (bone, joint, cognitive and other directions all returned unfavourable, incl. EFSA J.1261 2009 and J.2209 2011); marketable but no permitted health claim in the EU.",
    "anvisa": "Not a default entry on the IN 28/2018 positive list; requires case-by-case (caso-a-caso) assessment for use in supplements in Brazil."
  },
  "authorized_claims": [],
  "ingredient_hub_url": "https://asxan.ai/ingredients/boron/",
  "related_goal_slugs": [
    "joint-bone",
    "reproductive-health"
  ],
  "related_lifestyle_slugs": [
    "senior-60-plus"
  ],
  "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
  "schema_version": "nc-public-v0.2",
  "api_version": "nc-public-v0.3",
  "_meta": {
    "last_evidence_review": "2026-06-13",
    "ip_axes_disclosed": {
      "public_axes": [
        "mechanism",
        "target",
        "use_case",
        "body_system",
        "evidence_tier",
        "dosage_range",
        "safety_notes",
        "regulatory",
        "authorized_claims"
      ],
      "ip_axes_not_exposed": [
        "proprietary_formula_ratios",
        "clinical_protocol_internals",
        "rnd_pipeline_compounds",
        "supplier_specific_grade_specifications",
        "unpublished_endpoint_data"
      ],
      "rationale": "asxan.ai surfaces the educational, evidence-tier-disclosed slice. Formula composition, clinical-protocol internals, and RnD pipeline data are intentionally outside this public surface."
    }
  }
}